mysql8.0主从复制搭建与配置方案

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MySQL主从复制是一个异步的复制过程,就是有两个数据库服务器,一个是主(master)数据库服务器,另一个是从(slave)数据库服务器。

mysql主从搭建

环境:ubuntu20.04.1,mysql:8.0.22。主:192.168.87.3备:192.168.87.6

安装数据库

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo apt-get install mysql-client
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

数据库配置

设置数据库密码

首次安装后,使用sudo mysql -uroot -p直接进入,更改root密码操作如下:

use mysql;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

主库设置

配置/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf如下:

[mysqld]

user		= mysql
pid-file	= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket	= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port		= 3306
datadir	= /var/lib/mysql


bind-address		= 192.168.87.3 # 本机ip
mysqlx-bind-address	= 127.0.0.1


key_buffer_size		= 16M

myisam-recover-options  = BACKUP

max_connections= 1000

log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log

server-id		= 1
log_bin			= /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
max_binlog_size   = 100M
binlog_do_db  = test
binlog_ignore_db  = mysql
binlog_format = row
sync_binlog = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

更改完后重启数据库

systemctl restart mysql.service

创建同步账号

CREATE USER 'sync'@'192.168.87.6' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'sync';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'sync'@'192.168.87.6';

192.168.87.6为从数据库的IP。

查看配置是否生效

mysql8.0主从复制搭建与配置方案

创建数据快照

mysqldump --all-databases --master-data > dbdump.db

-master-data这个选项会自动加上CHANGE_MASTER_TO给从机来开始复制过程。在备份时使用-databases(备份特定的数据库)和-ignore-tables(排除备份特定的表) 选项,各个数据库和表名之间用空格隔开。

设置远程访问

use mysql;
update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

如果此时仍无法访问,查看防火墙是否关闭。关闭命令:

sudo ufw disable

或者开放3306端口号。

从数据库配置

配置/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf如下:

[mysqld]

user		= mysql
pid-file	= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket	= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port		= 3306
datadir	= /var/lib/mysql

bind-address		= 192.168.87.6
mysqlx-bind-address	= 127.0.0.1
key_buffer_size		= 16M

myisam-recover-options  = BACKUP

log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log

server-id		= 2
log_bin			= /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
# binlog_expire_logs_seconds	= 2592000
max_binlog_size   = 100M
binlog_do_db		= test
binlog_ignore_db	= mysql

同步数据

在主库上dump的文件scp到从库上,然后登录mysql并执行如下命令:

set sql_log_bin=0;
source /home/shitianming/Documents/dbdump.db

配置slave

CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.87.3',
MASTER_USER='sync',
MASTER_PASSWORD='sync',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
MASTER_LOG_POS=730;

SHELL 复制 全屏

上述参数在主库的mysql客户端上运行show master status可看到。

进行测试

在主库的test数据库里添加数据,在从库上看到是否同步。